In a previous video, you have learned how to install Linux using the base partitioning.
In many cases, custom partitioning is used.
When you install a Linux server, typically different storage volumes are provided.
And there are two technologies to provide these volumes.
First, there are partitions, which are the base solution for offering multiple separated
storage areas.
Then there are logical volumes that can be used as an alternative for partitions.
You'll learn more about them in lesson 19.
For now, we forget about them.
Now when you set up a Linux server, you need at least three different areas for storing
data.
There is a small partition that contains the Linux kernel and related files.
There's another small partition that contains the UEFI bootloader files.
And then there is a root partition that contains operating system essential files.
Apart from that, you might create additional partitions for other file types.
Think about log files, about user home directories, about server document routes, like your web
server document route, container images.
And there might be more reasons to go for dedicated partitioning.
In the next demo, I will show you how to set up a Linux server with some custom partitioning.
So the start of the installation is exactly the same as the start of the basic installation
that you have seen in the previous lesson.
So the important part is in the installation destination.
Let's not forget to create an administrative user before going there.
So now we can select the installation destination option.
And in the installation destination option, this time we don't go for the automatic option.
We go for custom.
So what do we see next?
Well, we see that the yellow bar occurs.
And then I can click Done.
And that brings me into the manual partitioning interface.
In this manual partitioning interface, we need to click Plus to add partitions.
But before doing so, I need to get rid of the LVM option.
So I'm changing LVM to standard partition.
And then I'm clicking Plus.
So there it is going to prompt for the mount points.
I want to have five different partitions here.
And they are typically mounted on different directories.
And the most commonly used directories are already listed here.
Let's start with the boot partition.
Boot partition contains the Linux kernel and related files.
And as a capacity, one gigabyte is more than enough.
So add one G. And then you click Add Mount Point.
Then we see the different properties where we can see the one gigabyte or 1,024 megabytes
and all the other options which are not so very important here.
Just leave it as the defaults and repeat this procedure by clicking Plus.
Now UEFI is the standard for booting nowadays.
And UEFI requires you to have a boot EFI directory.
That is because before when systems were using BIOS to boot,
there was information that was stored on the CMOS chip.
Nowadays, it's no longer stored in the CMOS chip.
It's stored in this boot EFI directory.
That's an operating system standard.
You will have something similar in other operating systems as well.
And I'm going to give that a size of one gigabyte as well.
And then we click Add Mount Point.
And we can see in this EFI that it is using the EFI system partition file system.
And that's good. Let's keep it that way.
Next, we need a root partition.
The root partition is where basically all the files on your system are.
Make sure that you have a lot of disk space for the root partition.
Given the fact that I have 20 gigabytes, which is a little bit tight,
I'm going to make it 12G for the root partition
so that we still have a little bit of disk space remaining for the other partitions.
So once again, Add Mount Point, keep the default options and click Plus once more.
On Linux, it's very common to have a swap partition as well.
This swap partition is used when you run out of memory.
When that happens, the Linux kernel is going to emulate RAM on disk, and that is swap.
I'll tell you later much more about swap and the required sizes of it.
For now, we are going to use one gigabyte of swap and then one more partition.
And what are we going to do with this one more partition?
Well, just to show you that you don't have to necessarily pick it from the drop-down list,
I'm going to use slash var slash log.
And slash var slash log is getting the remaining six gigabytes of disk space.
And, oh, apparently, I don't have six gigabytes anymore.
Well, that is okay.
We go for the five gigabytes that is listing here, and that is all right with me.
And then you click Done, which is giving you an overview of everything that you are about to create.
Carefully have a look at this overview because this is the moment where you can still modify.
And when you are okay with it, you accept changes and you click Begin Installation.
And the rest of the procedure is exactly the same as what you have seen in the last video.
So wait until all files have been copied.
Then restart your system and log in as a newly created user on your freshly installed system.
For the next video, I would recommend you continue with the basic installation.
This was just an additional video that is showing the advanced installation options that you've got.