In this lesson, we're going to explore
PowerView, a PowerShell tool that is particularly useful
for automating various tasks
and a pentesting engagement, especially when you're dealing
with active directory or AD environments.
PowerShell is part of PowerSploit's framework
and helps us gather information about the AD environment,
making it easier to plan and execute attacks.
Let's start by understanding
what PowerView is designed to do.
PowerView is a collection of PowerShell scripts
that help us map out the Active Directory environment.
This includes identifying users, groups, computers,
and even the relationship between them.
The idea is that by automating this reconnaissance,
you can quickly get a clear picture of the AD landscape
that you're working with, which is important
for planning your next steps.
First, let's talk about how PowerView can be used
to find domain users.
This is often the first step in understanding who has access
to the domain and where potential targets might be.
To list all the users in the domain,
you can use the Get-NetUser command.
Here's how you do that. Simply type Get-NetUser.
Running this command will give you a list
of all user accounts in the domain,
which you can then analyze
to identify potential targets such as accounts
with elevated privileges
or those that haven't been used recently.
Next, let's move on to finding groups
within the domain.
Groups can give you insights into
how permissions are structured
and who has access to what resources.
To list all groups in the domain,
you'll use the Get-NetGroup command
by simply typing in Get-NetGroup.
This command will output a list of all groups
and you can further investigate
by looking into specific groups,
especially those like "Domain Admins"
"Enterprise Admins," which often have the most privileges.
Now that you have information on users and groups,
the next step might be to map out relationships
between these objects.
This is where PowerView really shines
as it can help you automate
the discovery of these relationships.
For example, to find out which users belong
to a particular group, you can use
the Get-NetGroupMember command.
For example, Get-NetGroupMember
GroupName "Domain Admins."
This will list all users who are members
of the "Domain Admins" group, helping you
to identify high value targets for further exploitation.
Another powerful feature of PowerView is its ability
to identify computers in the domain.
This is important for planning lateral movement
or identifying systems
that might be vulnerable to exploitation.
You can list all computers in the domain
by using the Get-NetComputer command
by simply typing in, again is Get-NetComputer.
With this command, you'll get a list of all computers,
which you can then use to decide where to focus your efforts
for further attacks or persistence.
Once you've mapped out users, groups, and computers,
you might want to understand
the trust relationships between domains,
especially in large organizations with multiple domains.
PowerView can help here
as well using the Get-NetDomainTrust command.
Now, this command will show you the trust relationships
between the current domain and other domains,
which can be a critical piece
of information if you're looking
to expand your reach across different
parts of the organization.
Lastly, one of the more advanced uses of PowerView is
to identify sessions on remote machines.
This can help you pinpoint
where specific users are logged in,
which is useful if you're targeting
a particular user account.
You can use the Get-NetSession command, for example,
Get-NetSession -ComputerName, then the TARGET_COMPUTER.
Of course, here you're going to replace TARGET_COMPUTER
with the actual name
of the computer that you're interested in.
This shows who is currently logged into that machine,
giving you a potential inroad for further exploitation.
So remember, PowerView is a versatile tool
that can automate much of the reconnaissance you need
to perform in an Active Directory environment.
By using commands like Get-NetUser, Get-NetGroup,
or Get-NetComputer and others,
you can quickly build a map of the domain,
identify key targets,
and plan your next steps in the attack while saving time
and reducing the manual effort involved.